Last Updated March 28, 2024
What is a Separation Agreement?
A Separation Agreement, also known as a deed of separation, is a legally binding contract that spouses use to divide assets and outline obligations when separating or preparing for divorce. In order to enter into a Separation Agreement, both spouses must agree and consent to the terms of their separation.
In Ireland, creating a Separation Agreement on your own is an alternative to a judicial separation, which a court administers.
Generally, the terms of a Separation Agreement outline how spouses will manage their assets, debts, and children during the separation. By using a Separation Agreement template, spouses can formalise their separation and protect each of their interests.
When should I use a Separation Agreement?
Use a Separation Agreement if you and your spouse agree on the terms of your separation and want to avoid litigation. In Ireland, creating a Separation Agreement without the involvement of a court is often cheaper and less intense.
If you can’t agree on the terms of a separation, you and your spouse may have to apply for a judicial separation in court. In a judicial separation, a court decides on the division of assets and responsibilities without actually terminating the marriage.
If you and your spouse don’t initially agree on the terms of your separation, you can pursue mediation to reach an agreement. In Ireland, the Legal Aid Board provides a free Family Mediation Service to help couples negotiate their Separation Agreement. Once you reach a consensus, use LawDepot’s Separation Agreement template to formalise your agreement.
How do I draw up a Separation Agreement?
Generally, a Separation Agreement includes information regarding:
- Child custody and access: Specify if one spouse will have sole custody or if both spouses will share joint custody. If one parent will have sole custody, describe the other parent’s access with the child/children.
- Child maintenance: If the child or children live primarily with one parent, outline the details of the child maintenance payments that the other parent will provide.
- Spousal maintenance: Specify if either spouse will receive spousal maintenance payments once separated. If so, outline the amount and schedule.
- Possession of the family home: Decide if one spouse will hold temporary possession of the family home. Alternatively, both spouses may agree to transfer the property title to only one of them or sell the house and divide the proceeds. Some spouses may continue to both live in the family home despite separating.
- Income: Outline both spouses’ employment and non-employment income.
- Property distribution: List the property items that either spouse will retain and the common property that will be sold for cash and divided.
- Division of debts: List the debts that each party will be solely responsible for, such as credit card debts, car loans, and personal loans.
- Additional clauses: Decide if both spouses will waive their right to each other’s estate. In addition, include a non-interference clause which states that each spouse agrees not to harass or intimidate the other spouse at their respective residence, place of employment, or any other place.
To compile all of this information into one simple document, use our Separation Agreement template.
Can spouses live in the same house and still be separated?
Yes, spouses can separate while still living together. “Living apart” includes couples who live in the same home as one another but are not living together as a couple in an intimate and committed relationship. Spouses may continue living in the same home for many reasons, such as:
- Needing time to find a place of their own
- Lacking the finances to live alone
- Maintaining children’s home environment
If you are still living together at the time of creating your Separation Agreement, you can enter the same address for both parties. If a dispute about your separation ever arises, you can use your Separation Agreement and an affidavit (a written statement in which a person lists facts they swear are true) to prove you were legitimately separated while sharing a home. In the affidavit, you should provide:
- The reasons why you chose an in-home separation and if you have any intentions of changing the situation
- The details of your physical separation (e.g. divided sleeping arrangements, meal times, household chores, etc.)
- The details of your financial separation (e.g. separating assets, bank accounts, debts, etc.)
What if a spouse breaches the Separation Agreement?
If a spouse breaches a non-judicial Separation Agreement (one that a court hasn’t ruled on), you can enforce the terms like any other contract made between parties. A spouse can sue or seek monetary damages in court by proving the other party breached the agreement.
If you want to make your Separation Agreement an order of the court, you can submit an application to the appropriate court office. Having a court acknowledge your Separation Agreement as an order can be helpful for the following reasons:
- If a spouse doesn’t provide payment for spousal or child maintenance, the receiving spouse may obtain payment through the District Court Office.
- If either spouse breaches the agreement, the wronged spouse can sue the other for a being in contempt of a court ruling.
Is a Separation Agreement legally binding?
Yes, when executed properly, a Separation Agreement is a legally binding contract. First, spouses should consider seeking independent legal advice to ensure they fully understand their rights and obligations under the agreement. Then, in the presence of a lawyer and two witnesses, both spouses can sign. Spouses must sign their Separation Agreement to make the document enforceable.
Courts may not recognise a Separation Agreement if:
- The terms of the agreement are not in the best interest of the spouses’ children.
- Either spouse doesn’t disclose certain assets or liabilities within the document.
- The agreement is plainly unfair (e.g., one spouse waives their right to support without compensation).
If you need to enforce your Separation Agreement under specific legislation, you can make it a judicial separation by submitting it to the relevant court.